CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Ethereum’s Glamsterdam upgrade is set to activate on the Sepolia testnet later Tuesday, with its gas limit scheduled to rise from 60 million to 200 million
This article examines how recent events may relate to prediction market pricing. It reflects interpretive analysis of publicly available information and is provided for informational purposes only. Observers should monitor the technical execution of …
This article examines how recent events may relate to prediction market pricing. It reflects interpretive analysis of publicly available information and is provided for informational purposes only.
Observers should monitor the technical execution of the Glamsterdam upgrade on the Sepolia testnet for any indications of delays or technical issues. Any announcements regarding a mainnet timeline or successful testnet results may influence market pricing. Additionally, broader market reactions, including shifts in Ethereum’s derivatives or spot momentum, could provide further indications of pricing trends.
Ethereum ’s Glamsterdam upgrade is poised to activate on the Sepolia testnet, significantly increasing the gas limit from 60 million to 200 million. This enhancement is expected to test the network’s ability to handle greater computational capacity without affecting the mainnet. The upgrade also aims to realign gas costs with resource usage, potentially influencing Ethereum’s market perception. As an intermediary step, the Sepolia testnet serves as a critical proving ground for Ethereum’s future developments.
Disclaimer
This article contains analysis of publicly available information and market data and is for informational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any asset or contract.
Content may include AI-assisted interpretation and may be incomplete or subject to change. Market conditions may evolve rapidly, and the timing of information may affect how it is interpreted.
Market participants may act on similar information at or around the time it becomes available. You are solely responsible for any decisions made based on this content.
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CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Nvidia nears $6 trillion market cap as investors return to the AI chipmaker
A record close, a $150 billion buyback boost and bullish options pricing put Nvidia within 3.8% of a first-ever $6 trillion valuation Nvidia is closing in on a number no public company has ever …
A record close, a $150 billion buyback boost and bullish options pricing put Nvidia within 3.8% of a first-ever $6 trillion valuation
Nvidia is closing in on a number no public company has ever reached. The AI chipmaker’s market capitalization sits at approximately $5.7 to $5.78 trillion, just 3.8% short of the $6 trillion mark.
A few months ago, the mood was different. The stock has climbed nearly 25% from a low in late July.
Record highs and a very large buyback
On October 5, Nvidia shares closed at a record $238.90. The stock gained 2.12% in that session and touched an intraday peak of $240.10.
A gain of roughly 3.8% from current levels would make Nvidia the first company ever valued at $6 trillion.
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On September 28, the company announced a record $150 billion increase to its share repurchase authorization, bringing the total to $235 billion.
On September 29, US President Donald Trump met with key AI executives, including Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, and the meeting further lifted investor optimism.
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Nvidia reported Q2 revenue of $96.2 billion and guided Q3 revenue to a range of $105.8 billion to $110.1 billion.
What the options market is betting on
As of early October, options pricing implies roughly a 50% chance that Nvidia crosses $6 trillion by the end of the month.
Options pricing suggests a 67% probability of surpassing the threshold by December 18.
Morgan Stanley reiterated its overweight rating with a $300 price target, pointing to solid AI spending and strong revenue forecasts for Q2 and Q3 2026.
Why one stock now moves whole indexes
As of early October, the company accounts for around 13% of the Nasdaq and 8% of the S&P 500.
What to watch from here
The next clear checkpoint is the Q3 report. Delivering inside or above the $105.8 billion to $110.1 billion range would support the bull case, while a miss would test how much optimism is already priced in.
CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
ECB finds euro area firms funding AI with bonds and their own cash
New survey data shows most companies pay for AI internally, while the heaviest adopters are increasingly tapping debt markets instead of banks Europe’s companies are spending on artificial intelligence, but they are not asking …
New survey data shows most companies pay for AI internally, while the heaviest adopters are increasingly tapping debt markets instead of banks
Europe’s companies are spending on artificial intelligence, but they are not asking their banks to cover the bill.
New analysis from the European Central Bank shows euro area firms leaning on market-based financing, especially debt securities, to fund AI. According to the ECB, that shift may reduce their sensitivity to interest rate changes, which is a quietly big deal for an institution whose main tool is setting those rates.
The findings come from the ECB’s Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises, known as SAFE. It is the central bank’s regular check-in on how businesses raise money. This time, AI got its own spotlight.
Lots of experimenting, not much commitment
Approximately 70% of euro area firms say they use AI in some form as of 2026. Only 7% describe their usage as significant or intensive.
Planned AI investment is expected to make up about 9-10% of total firm investment for 2026.
Technologies and tools account for 49% of AI investment budgets. Employee training takes 46%.
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Cash first, bonds second, banks fading
Approximately 72% of firms planning AI investments are expected to pay for them with internal funds. That means cash flow and retained earnings, not loans or outside investors.
Among high AI-active firms, debt securities issuance rose by 13% as of January 2026. Meanwhile, these firms’ reliance on traditional bank loans has started to decline.
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AI-related borrowing made up about a quarter of credit growth to firms in the first quarter of 2026, according to the ECB research.
The hardware problem
Firms report it is easier to secure outside financing for tangible AI assets, such as hardware. Intangible assets are a harder sell.
A server rack can be repossessed and resold. A fine-tuned model, a retrained workforce or a redesigned internal process cannot be easily put up as collateral.
Much of AI’s value lives in those intangibles. 46% of budgets goes to training, which is about as intangible as investment gets.
A patchwork map of adoption
AI uptake is uneven across the currency bloc. Usage is highest in the Netherlands, Finland and Austria. It is lower in Italy and Ireland.
Previous SAFE modules found no evidence of aggregate job losses linked to AI adoption.
What this means for the ECB and for markets
If AI investment is mostly funded from retained earnings, and the most active adopters are moving toward bond markets, the monetary policy transmission channel weakens for this category of spending. The ECB’s own framing is that this may reduce firms’ sensitivity to rate changes.
For bond investors, the 13% rise in debt securities issuance among high AI-active firms signals a new source of corporate supply tied to technology spending. Investors buying that paper will need to judge how much of the underlying investment sits in tangible hardware versus harder-to-value intangibles.
For banks, the trend is a mild warning. The companies spending most aggressively on AI are the ones drifting away from loans.
The gap between 70% experimenting and 7% committed is the number to track. If that intensive group grows, the shift toward market-based funding, and its implications for how monetary policy reaches the real economy, could grow with it.
CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
XRP futures trading hits six-month high in September with $32B on Binance
XRP futures volumes surged in September, maintaining levels not seen in the past six months, according to data from @cryptoquant_com. The increased activity suggests sustained interest in XRP derivatives, with Binance leading the market …
XRP futures volumes surged in September, maintaining levels not seen in the past six months, according to data from @cryptoquant_com. The increased activity suggests sustained interest in XRP derivatives, with Binance leading the market with $32.36 billion in volume, followed by Bybit at $12.5 billion and OKX at $11.32 billion. This surge in futures volume indicates robust participation and liquidity, although it does not specify whether market participants are leaning towards long or short positions. As of October 6, XRP’s price was noted around $1.50.
Key Takeaways
XRP futures volume appears to have increased significantly in September, reaching a six-month high.
This activity suggests continued interest and liquidity in XRP derivatives markets.
Market pricing implies that the surge in futures activity may be supportive of scenarios where XRP reaches an all-time high by 2026.
What to Watch
Observers should monitor developments around XRP that could impact its market trajectory, including regulatory actions by the U.S. SEC and potential statements by Ripple’s CEO, Brad Garlinghouse. Additionally, any significant movements in Bitcoin prices or interest rate changes by the Federal Reserve could influence XRP’s market dynamics. Further regulatory developments, such as new lawsuits or XRP ETF inflows, may also be pivotal in shaping the market outlook for XRP reaching a new all-time high by 2026.
CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Binance cold wallet holds nearly 250,000 Bitcoin, ranking first
Arkham Intelligence data shows a Binance cold storage address sits atop Bitcoin's rich list, with a second Binance wallet not far behind The single largest Bitcoin address on the blockchain belongs to Binance. According …
Arkham Intelligence data shows a Binance cold storage address sits atop Bitcoin's rich list, with a second Binance wallet not far behind
The single largest Bitcoin address on the blockchain belongs to Binance. According to Arkham Intelligence, a Binance cold wallet holds approximately 248,598 BTC as of July 4, 2026.
That works out to about 1.24% of Bitcoin’s circulating supply, parked in one address.
Inside the biggest wallet on the chain
The address in question is 34xp4vRoCGJym3xR7yCVPFHoCNxv4Twseo. It first began receiving funds on October 18, 2018.
Since then, it has logged 5,531 inbound transactions. The most recent deposit landed on or around July 3, 2026, according to Arkham’s data.
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Outbound activity tells a very different story. The wallet has not sent a single transfer out since January 7, 2023.
That pattern is typical of cold storage. A cold wallet keeps its private keys offline, away from internet-connected systems that hackers can reach.
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Binance holds more than one top spot
The top wallet is not Binance’s only entry near the summit. A second cold wallet linked to the exchange, at address 3M219KR5vEneNb47ewrPfWyb5jQ2DjxRP6, reportedly holds between 172,000 and 175,000 BTC.
The broader leaderboard shows how top-heavy Bitcoin ownership looks at the address level. Arkham’s figures indicate the twelve largest Bitcoin addresses together hold about 1.35 million BTC, equal to around 6.72% of the total supply.
Why exchanges dominate the rich list
Binance’s cold wallets store customer funds offline, according to the research. The coins in that address largely represent deposits from many users, pooled together for safekeeping.
Cold storage is the industry’s standard answer to that risk. By keeping keys offline, exchanges reduce exposure to the remote attacks that have drained hot wallets over the years.
What this means for the market
The most notable detail here may be the silence. No outbound transfers since January 7, 2023 suggests Binance has not needed to tap this reserve to meet withdrawals.
The research notes that holdings of this size could influence Bitcoin’s price dynamics if ever liquidated. There is a flip side to all that stillness: according to the research, large holdings sitting idle could potentially restrict available market liquidity, particularly given Bitcoin’s fixed supply.
The steady stream of inbound deposits into the primary wallet, most recently around July 3, 2026, offers a rough read on user behavior. Continued inflows into cold storage imply customers are leaving coins on the platform rather than pulling them out.
CRYPTO
Pypi.org
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
marketiv added to PyPI
The MarketIV financial impact graph, in Python — news→market impact (why, who, direction, ripple) across stocks, commodities, FX, crypto, and private companies. The financial impact graph, in Python.News who it touches and why the …
The MarketIV financial impact graph, in Python — news→market impact (why, who, direction, ripple) across stocks, commodities, FX, crypto, and private companies. The financial impact graph, in Python.News who it touches and why the causal channel, the story's lean, and the
ripple across stocks, commodities, FX, crypto, and private companies.A research, scre…
CRYPTO
Raw Story
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
A world of pain awaits Todd Blanche — and Trump's pardon is useless
Two things about this administration stick out like sunflowers, though they're blooming black instead of bright yellow. First, it is absolutely apparent that if one is close enough to Trump, ethics and the law …
Two things about this administration stick out like sunflowers, though they're blooming black instead of bright yellow. First, it is absolutely apparent that if one is close enough to Trump, ethics and the law pose no limitations in the ever-pursuit of money … Two things about this administration stick out like sunflowers, though they're blooming black instead of bright yellow.
First, it is absolutely apparent that if one is close enough to Trump, ethics…
CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
UK Treasury taps six banks as joint lead managers for digital gilt pilot
DIGIT is a UK government pilot to explore the use of distributed ledger technology in sovereign debt issuance and settlement. The UK government has named six major banks as Joint Lead Managers for its …
DIGIT is a UK government pilot to explore the use of distributed ledger technology in sovereign debt issuance and settlement.
The UK government has named six major banks as Joint Lead Managers for its planned Digital Gilt Instrument (DIGIT).
Announced on Oct. 6, the lineup includes Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds, Morgan Stanley, NatWest, and RBC Capital Markets. The banks will provide underwriting and other traditional lead manager services, engage with investors and distribute DIGIT when it is issued.
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The appointments complete the procurement phase, paving the way for targeted investor engagement ahead of launch. Expected in the first quarter of 2027, the pilot will mark the UK’s first issuance of a digitally native government bond.
DIGIT will be a short-dated, digitally native sovereign bond designed to test distributed ledger technology across the bond’s issuance and lifecycle. It will be issued on a platform operating within the Digital Securities Sandbox and use on-chain settlement, while remaining separate from the government’s main debt management programme.
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The pilot will allow the government to assess how DLT could be incorporated into UK sovereign debt markets and whether new digital infrastructure can improve market processes.
The issuance forms part of the UK government’s wider push to digitalize wholesale financial markets and strengthen the country’s competitiveness in digital finance. It follows HSBC’s appointment as the DLT supplier in February and a July memorandum of understanding between HSBC and the London Stock Exchange Group covering a potential bilateral Digital Securities Depository link.
The government said DIGIT will also support the development of UK-based DLT infrastructure and encourage adoption of the technology across financial markets.
CRYPTO
The Straits Times
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Bitcoin rally and the Token2049 conference in Singapore
Sign up now: Get ST's newsletters delivered to your inbox Bitcoin bulls descend on Singapore in search of the next big bet Eric Trump, the US president’s second son and executive vice-president of the …
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Bitcoin bulls descend on Singapore in search of the next big bet
Eric Trump, the US president’s second son and executive vice-president of the Trump Organisation, will discuss The Future Of Finance, Built In America.
Crypto’s movers and shakers are gathering in Singapore for one of their biggest conferences of the year as a Bitcoin-led rally revives hopes that a new bull market is taking shape.
About 25,000 people are expected to converge on the city-state’s iconic Marina Bay Sands this week for Token2049.
More than 500 exhibitors and 300 speakers are slated for the Oct 7-8 event, including Hyperliquid chief executive officer Jeff Yan, Polymarket CEO Shayne Coplan and World Liberty Financial co-founder Eric Trump.
Bitcoin’s rally from US$58,000 at the end of June to roughly US$85,000 on Oct 6 has spurred talk that the crypto winter is thawing, though the market has yet to regain the momentum and confidence of earlier bull cycles.
Token2049 may offer insights into what crypto’s founders, builders, investors and financial institutions are betting on next.
“I’ve been one of the few attending Token2049 since the first one in 2018; looking back highlights just how far this asset class has matured,” said Dovey Wan, founding partner of crypto investment firm Primitive Ventures. “Through every boom and bust, staying in the game with those who built from day one is what truly matters.”
‘Not euphoria’
The industry has weathered a prolonged slump since October 2025, when Bitcoin plunged from its record high above US$126,000. But a 43% advance in the three months through September gave the largest cryptocurrency its strongest quarter since the final three months of 2024, when crypto-friendly US President Donald Trump won re-election.
One of the first keynote addresses of the conference is titled Crypto Spring Turning Into Full-Blown Bull Market by BitMine chairman Tom Lee.
Still, Bitcoin has struggled to break above US$87,000 as rising Treasury yields weigh on speculative assets.
The mood is better than it was in June, but it is “definitely not euphoria”, said Haseeb Qureshi, managing partner at crypto-focused venture capital firm Dragonfly.
The market has absorbed setbacks such as the US Senate’s failure to advance the Clarity Act, while growing institutional participation and the expansion of stablecoin use have helped support confidence, he said.
Converging worlds
One major theme at the conference will be how parts of traditional finance are moving onto blockchain networks, essentially putting assets and financial transactions on technology originally developed for cryptocurrencies. Tokenised assets, stablecoins and around-the-clock trading are increasingly bringing the two worlds closer together.
The value of tokenised real-world assets such as bonds, commodities and equities has surged, reaching more than US$38 billion at the end of September, according to RWA.xyz, whose tally excludes stablecoins.
The speaker line-up reflects that growing convergence, with crypto-native executives appearing alongside traditional financial industry leaders including Nasdaq chair and CEO Adena Friedman and Franklin Templeton CEO Jenny Johnson.
Eric Trump, the US president’s second son and executive vice president of the Trump Organisation, will speak on The Future Of Finance, Built In America.
Other big-name speakers include Ethereum co-founder Joseph Lubin, Binance co-CEO Richard Teng and crypto billionaire Justin Sun, an early investor in the Trump family’s World Liberty Financial who is now embroiled in a dispute with it.
Reigning Formula 1 champion Lando Norris, in town for this week’s Singapore Grand Prix, is also speaking at a session titled The Drive To Win.
Notably absent from this year’s line-up are Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino and Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev, who were both key speakers in 2025.
Agentic payments
Artificial intelligence will be another major thread, particularly as the crypto industry experiments with using digital currencies and blockchain networks to enable payments between AI systems.
Qureshi, who spends much of his time looking at the intersection of crypto and AI, said he is particularly interested in “agentic payments”, where AI agents make payments on behalf of users or transact with one another.
“It’s early, but it’s where I see the smartest founders trying out new ideas,” Qureshi said.
Hacks and cybersecurity are also likely to be topics of conversation following a spate of recent attacks, including the US$388 million heist at crypto exchange Bitget just two weeks ago.
Bitget CEO Gracy Chen said that, for her, the value of Token2049 lies less in what happens on stage than in the conversations off it. “It is a useful opportunity to compare what we are seeing at Bitget with what the broader market is prioritising,” she said.
Chen would like to see more regulators and policymakers speaking at the event, particularly as the industry grapples with how stablecoins, tokenised assets and crypto platforms should fit into the wider financial system.
Some of the most consequential questions “cannot be answered by the industry alone”, she said.
Singapore is cementing its status as a major digital-asset hub, with Chainalysis data showing US$284 billion (S$363 billion) of crypto activity in the city-state between July 2025 and June 2026, up 55.4% from the previous year.
This week it will host hundreds of side events around Token2049.
“Token2049 is one of the key points on the industry calendar,” said conference co-founder Alex Fiskum. “It’s an opportunity to take stock of where the industry stands, build new partnerships and set the agenda for the year ahead.” BLOOMBERG
CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Pump.fun’s $2.8 billion on-chain treasury is mostly its own PUMP token
Arkham data shows the Solana memecoin launchpad holds about $2.19 billion in PUMP alongside wrapped SOL, stablecoins, and memecoin pools Pump.fun, the Solana memecoin launchpad, holds $2.8 billion in on-chain assets. That pile includes …
Arkham data shows the Solana memecoin launchpad holds about $2.19 billion in PUMP alongside wrapped SOL, stablecoins, and memecoin pools
Pump.fun, the Solana memecoin launchpad, holds $2.8 billion in on-chain assets. That pile includes its own PUMP token, wrapped SOL, USDC, USDT, and a scattering of memecoin pools.
What’s in the wallet
Arkham Intelligence identifies roughly $2.838 billion in on-chain assets tied to pump.fun as of October 6, 2026. The PUMP token accounts for approximately $2.19 billion of that total, representing about 341.224 billion PUMP tokens.
Pump.fun holds approximately 2.786 million wrapped SOL (WSOL), valued at around $336 million. On top of that, the platform holds 450.5K SOL in unwrapped form, worth about $54 million.
Arkham’s data shows 168.7 million USDC, worth about $169 million, and 46 million USDT, worth about $46 million. Smaller positions in various memecoins fill out the remainder.
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Buybacks, burns, and unlocks
Pump.fun runs a buyback-and-burn program funded by 50% of its net revenue. The platform uses that money to buy PUMP on the open market and permanently destroy it.
By late September 2026, cumulative buybacks had passed roughly $460 million. More than 167 billion tokens have been removed from circulation since the program began.
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In July 2026, 57.28 billion PUMP tokens were distributed to 121 wallets as part of post-cliff linear vesting for team members and investors.
How pump.fun got here
PUMP launched in July 2025 through an initial coin offering that raised about $1 billion. The sale priced the token at a fully diluted valuation of around $4 billion.
Cumulative decentralized exchange volume on pump.fun exceeds $97 billion. Annualized revenue is reported in the hundreds of millions, which is what funds the buyback program in the first place.
What this means for PUMP holders and the memecoin market
The PUMP treasury stake is harder to value. A project’s holdings of its own token are worth what buyers will pay, and selling 341.224 billion tokens in size would likely test that price quickly. The stablecoin and SOL holdings represent the liquid side of the ledger that can be spent or deployed without that constraint.
The July 2026 distribution to 121 wallets marked the start of linear unlocks, meaning more insider tokens could reach the market over time. Watching on-chain flows from those wallets to exchanges is one way traders can gauge sentiment.