MACRO & FED
Biztoc.com
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Record high borrowing costs roil US economy
US Treasurys rebounded slightly after yields hit a near-quarter-century high, amid growing signs that increased borrowing costs are damaging the American economy. Yields across much of the G7 have surged in recent months as …
US Treasurys rebounded slightly after yields hit a near-quarter-century high, amid growing signs that increased borrowing costs are damaging the American economy. Yields across much of the G7 have surged in recent months as investors fret over stubbornly high… US Treasurys rebounded slightly after yields hit a near-quarter-century high, amid growing signs that increased borrowing costs are damaging the American economy. Yields across much of the G7 have su…
MACRO & FED
The Times of India
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
RBI MPC Date and Time: Guv Sanjay Malhotra to share key update on repo rate, inflation & more; check when and where to watch live speech
RBI MPC Meeting October 2026: The Reserve Bank of India is expected to consider its first repo rate hike in four years amid rising inflation risks and elevated crude oil prices. RBI Governor Sanjay …
RBI MPC Meeting October 2026: The Reserve Bank of India is expected to consider its first repo rate hike in four years amid rising inflation risks and elevated crude oil prices. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra will announce the monetary policy decision on Octobe… The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) officials met for the 3-day Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting starting Monday amid growing expectations of the first repo rate hike in four years.The central ban…
MACRO & FED
Biztoc.com
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
US economy is in the midst of one of its longest hot streaks dating back to 1854
The US economy is stacking up wins, even if it doesn't feel that way for many households because of the resurgence in inflation. The economy has now posted 78 consecutive months of expansion, the …
The US economy is stacking up wins, even if it doesn't feel that way for many households because of the resurgence in inflation.
The economy has now posted 78 consecutive months of expansion, the sixth-longest business cycle since 1854, per new analysis from … The US economy is stacking up wins, even if it doesn't feel that way for many households because of the resurgence in inflation.The economy has now posted 78 consecutive months of expansion, the sixt…
MACRO & FED
The Times of India
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Toronto home sales post steepest decline since February on economic uncertainty
In September, home sales in the Greater Toronto Area saw a notable drop as economic worries loomed large for buyers. Sales fell 5.2% from August, the sharpest decline since February, while the home price …
In September, home sales in the Greater Toronto Area saw a notable drop as economic worries loomed large for buyers. Sales fell 5.2% from August, the sharpest decline since February, while the home price index decreased by 0.5% month-over-month. Year-over-yea… Greater Toronto Area home sales fell by the most in seven months in September as economic uncertainty held back buyers, Toronto Regional Real Estate Board data showed on Tuesday.* Seasonally adjusted…
MACRO & FED
Yahoo Entertainment
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Surge in imports pushed U.S. trade deficit above $100 billion in August
The US trade deficit jumped to more than $100 billion in August as importers wrestled with a new round of President Trump's tariffs and continued to bring in billions of dollars' worth of components …
The US trade deficit jumped to more than $100 billion in August as importers wrestled with a new round of President Trump's tariffs and continued to bring in billions of dollars' worth of components for AI data centers.
The total gap: $105.6 billion, a 13.8% increase from July's revised $92.8 billion deficit, the highest level since early 2025, when importers stocked up ahead of Trump's "Liberation Day" and a later four-month surge in imports that pushed average monthly trade deficits north of $120 billion.
Imports rose in August by 4.3%, compared with a 1.4% increase in exports. The US brought in $420.8 billion in total imports in August against $315.2 billion in exports.
In an analysis, Capital Economics said the "sharp rise in imports suggests third quarter GDP growth will be well below our current forecast of 4.0%," suggesting that the final annualized figure could be closer to 2.5%."
"The relatively broad-based rise in goods imports mean net trade was still a drag overall," the group added.
The new data released Tuesday by the Commerce Department's Bureau of Economic Analysis showed yet another pivot in global trade, covering the first month after a new phase of Trump's tariffs took effect and the month when trade talks with Canada collapsed .
Demand for artificial intelligence was also evident, with tech companies importing goods to drive the ongoing data center build-out.
The August data showed semiconductor imports increased by $2.4 billion, even as computer accessory imports decreased by $1.6 billion, with overall AI-related imports little changed from July but still elevated.
Read more: Rising interest rates could trigger a harsh reality for America's ballooning debt pile, Goldman Sachs warns
Traffic at the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, CA is seen in September. (Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images) · Myung J. Chun via Getty Images
But a more significant driver of the increase in imports appeared to be industrial supplies. Imports of crude oil jumped by $3.3 billion, and imports of nonmonetary gold increased by $3.1 billion.
It was another surge in goods imports that drove the headline deficit figure, with a goods deficit of $136.57 billion, while the US surplus in service imports stayed essentially flat.
This latest data came after Trump levied new tariffs in late July , including a 10% tariff on top allies like the European Union and a 12.5% tariff on other nations, including China.
The country-by-country breakdown underscored the persistent multibillion-dollar trade deficits that the US runs with a range of countries, from Mexico to Vietnam to the EU.
The largest trade deficit was with Mexico, with a gap of $27.7 billion in August. The deficit with Canada increased by $4.1 billion to $7.1 billion in the month when trade tensions between the US and its northern neighbor escalated.
MACRO & FED
Thefutoncritic.com
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Skydance Announces Board, Adding Ynon Kreiz, Laurene Powell Jobs and Bobby Kotick as Directors and Tony Blair as Advisor
Skydance Announces Board, Adding Ynon Kreiz, Laurene Powell Jobs and Bobby Kotick as Directors and Tony Blair as Advisor David Ellison will continue to serve as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Founder and President …
Skydance Announces Board, Adding Ynon Kreiz, Laurene Powell Jobs and Bobby Kotick as Directors and Tony Blair as Advisor David Ellison will continue to serve as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Founder and President of Emerson Collective Laurene Powell Jobs and Activision founder Bobby Kotick join as Independent Directors, along with Skydance Co-CEO Ynon Kreiz; former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair to serve as Board Advisor LOS ANGELES and NEW YORK, Oct. 6, 2026 -- Skydance Corporation (NYSE: SKYD) ("Skydance") today announced the director and advisor designees for the newly combined company, formed through Paramount's merger with Warner Bros. Discovery, Inc. (NASDAQ: WBD). The designees will join the Skydance Board of Directors, effective immediately. David Ellison will chair the Board and continue to serve as Skydance's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The Board will include all current members of Paramount's Board, along with three new additions: Ynon Kreiz, Co-Chief Executive Officer of Skydance, Laurene Powell Jobs, founder and president of Emerson Collective; and Bobby Kotick, founder and former Chief Executive Officer of Activision. Powell Jobs and Kotick will join as Independent Directors. Powell Jobs is a visionary entrepreneur and one of the most influential leaders in business and philanthropy. She is also a committed investor in journalism and media, supporting quality, independent reporting and storytelling at both the national and local levels. She built her career on creating institutions that endure and drive meaningful change. Her leadership extends across education, climate and community-driven initiatives. As founder and president of Emerson Collective, she pioneered a groundbreaking model that unites venture investing and philanthropic grant-making to tackle society's most complex challenges, and she has shown a rare gift for identifying bold ideas early and scaling them into lasting impact. That dedication, together with her extensive experience in investing and philanthropy, makes her a valuable addition to Skydance's board. Bobby Kotick brings more than three decades of public-company leadership, having served as CEO of Activision for 32 years and built it into one of the world's most successful video game companies. He paired bold strategic moves, including the company's merger with Vivendi Games, with disciplined capital allocation and a consistent record of rewarding shareholders. That record culminated in the sale of Activision Blizzard to Microsoft for $68.7 billion, the largest transaction in the history of the video game industry. Throughout his tenure, he showed a rare ability to anticipate shifts in how consumers engage with entertainment, investing in new platforms, new business models and new ways of reaching fans while keeping creative excellence at the center of the enterprise. His experience scaling a franchise-driven business, managing the complexity of a global public company and steering major industry transitions will serve Skydance well as it navigates an evolving media and entertainment landscape. Former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair will join as a Board Advisor. Blair, who will be acting in a personal capacity, is Executive Chairman of the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, a not-for-profit organization, which helps leaders govern in the age of AI. His global leadership experience and commitment to innovation position him as an invaluable advisor in shaping Skydance's strategic priorities. Skydance is a creative-first, audience-focused, tech-forward and globally scaled company, and these directors reflect that ambition. Their combined experience across media and entertainment, technology, finance and global affairs will provide strategic guidance and oversight as Skydance brings together its complementary businesses, storytelling capabilities and technology platforms, helping to align our goals and accelerate growth. Said David Ellison, Chairman and CEO of Paramount, a Skydance Corporation: "I am delighted to welcome Laurene and Bobby to our Board and honored to have Tony join us as an Advisor. Laurene is a true visionary and one of the great institution builders of our time. Her vision, judgment and unwavering commitment to high-quality journalism and media investments make her a truly exceptional addition to our Board. Through Emerson Collective, she pioneered an innovative model that brings together venture investing and philanthropy to tackle society's most complex challenges, and she has an extraordinary gift for recognizing bold ideas early and turning them into lasting impact." Ellison continued: "Bobby led a global entertainment company through three decades of sustained growth, and he brings real perspective on building enduring franchises and connecting with fans. His record of pairing bold strategic moves with disciplined capital allocation is exactly the experience we need as we bring our businesses together. Tony has led at the highest levels of government, respected for his intellect, strategic vision and ability to bring people together around bold, forward-looking ideas. His global perspective and insight will be invaluable as we turn ambition into results." Ellison added: "Together with our other directors, they bring the experience and fresh perspectives we need to build Skydance into an extraordinary company, one that honors the legacies of Paramount and Warner Bros. Discovery while setting a bold course for the future. United by a commitment to creative excellence, innovation and long-term shareholder value, this Board will help us empower our teams, strengthen our businesses and deliver exceptional entertainment to audiences around the world." The Director-designees are as follows: David Ellison, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Skydance
Barbara Byrne, Former Vice Chairman of Barclays PLC (Independent Director)
Andy Campion, Chairman and CEO of Unrivaled Sports (Independent Director)
Gerry Cardinale, Founder, Managing Partner, and Chief Investment Officer, RedBird Capital Partners
Safra A. Catz, Executive Vice Chair and Former CEO, Oracle Corporation
Andy Gordon, President of Skydance
Justin G. Hamill, Managing Director and Chief Legal Officer, Silver Lake (Independent Director)
Lauren Powell Jobs, Founder and President, Emerson Collective (Independent Director)
Bobby Kotick, Founder and former CEO of Activision (Independent Director)
Ynon Kreiz, Co-Chief Executive Officer of Skydance
Sherry Lansing, Former Chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures (Independent Director)
Paul Marinelli, President, Lawrence Investments, LLC
John L. Thornton, Chairman of RedBird Capital Partners About Skydance Skydance is a next-generation global media and entertainment company, composed of three business segments: Studios, Direct-to-Consumer, and TV Media. Skydance's portfolio unites legendary brands, including Paramount, Warner Bros., HBO, Paramount+, Pluto TV, CBS, CNN, CBS Sports, TNT Sports, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, MTV, Food Network, BET, HGTV, and Comedy Central.
MACRO & FED
Common Dreams
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Can the Billionaire Oligarchs Buy Their Way Out of Populist Outrage?
Will the worldwide revolt against oligarchy reach America before the billionaires buy our elections this fall? Two weeks ago tomorrow, on September 23rd, Madrid’s police had to cordon off a downtown street to carry …
Will the worldwide revolt against oligarchy reach America before the billionaires buy our elections this fall?
Two weeks ago tomorrow, on September 23rd, Madrid’s police had to cordon off a downtown street to carry an 87-year-old woman named María del Carmen Abascal out of the apartment she’d lived in for seven decades. She normally uses a wheelchair, so they carried her out on a stretcher, which provided some truly inflammatory social media video. All because her landlord wanted to raise the rent, which requires a change of tenants.
The pictures of María being carried out of her apartment lit Spain on fire; she’s become the face of the nation’s housing crisis which has seen average rents nearly double in the past ten years. This past weekend tens of thousands marched again, with about a thousand people camped out in Madrid’s Puerta del Sol: one banner read “Looking for an apartment, selling a kidney.”
While the pressure campaign worked on the landlord, who backed down and agreed to let her go home, it didn’t work on the “conservative” politicians who dominate the Spanish parliament. When Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s government proposed emergency tenant protections, the conservative opposition parties joined forces to kill them in parliament. As a result, Sánchez has pretty much been forced into taking the gamble of calling a snap election for November 29th.
Spain is the microcosm, but this is happening all across the developed world. France is on fire because students are tired of their schools being starved for resources. Populist movements are sweeping the European continent.
Forty-five years of “conservative” neoliberalism and austerity — all specifically designed to make the rich richer at the expense of working class people — have left average citizens furious.
And that fury is driving two parallel movements; the big question before us is which one will prevail both this fall here and over the next few years worldwide.
One movement is reflected in the encampment in Puerta del Sol where people understand that the landlord, land speculators, and the morbidly rich are the cause of their pain. You could call this the New Deal movement, for shorthand.
The other is seen in the far-right parties that have been topping the polls in Germany, France, and Britain by telling those same frightened people that it’s not the billionaires that are the problem; it’s that brown-skinned immigrant with a funny name or the queer kid who lives down the street.
Whichever side wins the argument over who’s the villain in today’s economic crisis for working people will be the one that ends up running these countries, including America.
We’ve seen this movie before here in America, although most people have no memory of it and could only vaguely recognize a quick telling of history.
The last time the morbidly rich held as much of our nation’s wealth and political power as they do today was the Gilded Age from the 1880s to the late 1920s, and popular rage at the oligarchs led to real progressive change:
Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, and then progressive Republican Presidents Teddy Roosevelt and William Howard Taft used it to break up the railroad and oil trusts along with dozens of others.
The Tillman Act of 1907 made it a crime for corporations to give money or any sort of support to federal candidates for office.
The income tax arrived in 1913 and the estate tax in 1916, and by the 1930s Franklin Roosevelt was building Social Security, the right to unionize, and the rest of the New Deal on that simple foundation.
After World War II, democracies around the world copied FDR’s American New Deal formula, and that tightly regulated capitalism along with high taxes on the morbidly rich produced the largest middle class in history.
Then working class people and progressives got complacent, thinking this would be the new normal forever, with a single paycheck being the entrée into the middle class. The oligarchs, however, were just getting started, just like they did during the Industrial Revolution following the Civil War that produced the first Gilded Age.
As I lay out in The Hidden History of American Oligarchy, the counterattack began in 1971 when a corrupt tobacco lawyer named Lewis Powell wrote a memo for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce urging corporate America to step up and use their great wealth to seize control of our courts, campuses, media, low-media-cost low-population states that could be flipped Red, and Congress.
The Heritage Foundation and ALEC followed within two years, as rightwing billionaires started buying radio stations, newspapers, and television networks, while Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan turned the project into government policy.
The regulations and tax rates that had restrained great wealth and political corruption came down, and the money and political power of giant corporations and the morbidly rich have largely controlled both our politics and our economy ever since.
Working people noticed they were getting screwed but by then there was a massive rightwing media infrastructure to redirect their anger, probably the oligarchs’ greatest achievement.
For example, when Bush’s 2008 property- and bank-crash set off real rage at the banks and their oligarch CEOs, Koch-funded front groups organized it into the Tea Party and pointed it at Obama and his attempts to give all Americans healthcare.
It hit its peak of success when Donald Trump came down the escalator in 2015, telling voters he didn’t need anybody’s money because, as he put it, “I’m really rich.” Suddenly it wasn’t the rich who were screwing average Americans: it was the rich who’d save us!
To pull it off, he appropriated New Deal and Great Society language, promising to save and even strengthen Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid; this is what con men have done throughout history.
The voters wanted their New Deal back with its middle class security on a single paycheck, but, true to Republican form, what they got instead was trillions in tax cuts for billionaires like Trump and his cabinet, paid for with almost a trillion dollars in cuts to Medicaid, an experimental program in six states to further privatize Medicare, and threats to cut Social Security.
One of the most interesting laboratories for finding out whether billionaire money can still buy public opinion the way the Kochs did with the Tea Party is Prop 40 in California, the 5 percent one-time tax on that state’s roughly 230 billionaires that will cover the healthcare shortfall the state will experience because of the Big Beautiful Billionaire’s Bill’s cuts to Medicaid.
A billionaire-backed group has gathered more than $187 million to stop it, while the measure’s backers have only pulled together an estimated $31 million. Google’s Sergey Brin alone has put in over $100 million.
The billionaires’ group even succeeded in getting two decoy measures, Props 41 and 42, on the same ballot, written so that if either one gets more votes than Prop 40, the billionaire tax dies even if a majority of Californians vote for it.
And the ads for the “No on 40” campaign is featuring teachers, firefighters, and the head of the state’s Planned Parenthood affiliates while the “Yes on 40” side says in the official voter guide that actual teachers, nurses, and Planned Parenthood workers support the tax.
It’s the same kind of phony grassroots campaign Reagan used when he promised cutting taxes and killing unions would increase prosperity, and when the Tea Party and GOP warned against “communism” in Obamacare, forcing the end to the possibility of a public option.
This same billionaire and corporate money is now pouring into the Senate races nationwide, using tools the robber barons of the late 19th century could have only dreamed about.
The National Republican Senatorial Committee released a deepfake of Texas Democrat James Talarico in a dress with a disclosure so small and faint that Berkeley digital forensics expert Hany Farid said most people wouldn’t immediately know it was fake. Another group produced a phony “Daisy” ad portraying him as a doctor performing gender surgeries on children.
In Michigan, Republicans greeted Abdul El-Sayed’s primary win with ads built around his full name and the Muslim Brotherhood, and their main super PAC has committed $51 million to that one race. On Sunday, I watched MS NOW play two of the newest deceptive Republican deepfakes, one putting Talarico in a makeup chair and another inventing “terrorists” in El-Sayed’s family.
Spending just on Senate races is projected to pass $3.4 billion this cycle, and most of the big money is just now starting to hit the airwaves and, thus, tightening the races that had seemed were in the bag for Democrats.
And if the lies don’t work, there’s always the power of our currently-billionaire-run government to insert itself in ways that can spin an election out of control. Last September Trump signed a national security memorandum called NSPM-7 that directs the FBI, the Treasury, and the IRS to go after the networks and funders behind what it calls domestic terrorism, and it lists among the “indicators” of that terrorism:
“anti-Americanism, anti-capitalism, and anti-Christianity.”
By that standard, María’s Spanish neighbors camped in a public square to protest a greedy landlord could find themselves under investigation. Add the masked, anonymous, trigger-happy ICE thugs already working our streets with their new electric shock gloves, and the machinery of a “papers, please” society is right here right now.
There’s no way this one single election will settle all this. During the first Gilded Age, it took 45 years to go from the Sherman Act to Social Security — with quite a few lost elections along the way —and the people who won that fight went through it never knowing if they’d prevail or not; the biggest intervention was probably the Republican Great Depression.
But this November is a hinge moment in history. A Congress that can check Trump, a billionaire tax passed in the biggest state in the union, and senators like Talarico and El-Sayed who explicitly have run against the Epstein billionaire class would tell every Republican and the oligarchs who own them that their old trick of pointing at immigrants and trans kids has stopped working.
On the other hand, if the deepfakes, decoy ballot measures, massive rightwing media penetration, algorithmic manipulation on billionaire-owned social media platforms, and billions in ads win out instead, they’ll be used in every election from here on.
The easy lesson here is that if Spain’s protesters got an 87-year-old woman back into her home by showing up, we can do the same for our democracy that’s been so badly battered by 45 years of Republican con men and Democratic neoliberals.
The next No Kings day of action is Saturday, October 17th, and “No Kings” has always meant “No Oligarchs,” too.
Check your registration at vote.org, call your members of Congress through the Capitol Switchboard at 202-224-3121 and tell them you want deepfake political ads outlawed, and if you live in California, vote yes on 40 and no on 41 and 42.
MACRO & FED
The Local Germany
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Are young people in Germany better off in a traineeship or university programme?
Unemployment rates are rising among graduates in Germany while traineeships, for jobs facing a shortage of workers, are increasingly vacant. So has vocational training become the better bet for job security? For generations, the …
Unemployment rates are rising among graduates in Germany while traineeships, for jobs facing a shortage of workers, are increasingly vacant. So has vocational training become the better bet for job security?
For generations, the classic advice from parents to their kids has been, 'Go to university to get a good career that pays more'. But a growing unemployment rate among university graduates in Germany calls that advice into question.
The number of university students in Germany continues to rise while companies are increasingly looking to AI to consolidate tasks and cut jobs. So a degree does not seem to guarantee work opportunities in the same way that it used to.
And at the same time a growing number of vocational traineeships, which can lead to paid work very quickly, are vacant.
So which path offers better prospects for young people in Germany today, a university degree or a vocational traineeship?
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The numbers
Last year 335,000 university graduates were unemployed in Germany, according to figures from the Federal Employment Agency. That's a sharp increase compared to 2024 (up by 46,000) and represents a new peak in the unemployment rate among university graduates, at 3.3 percent.
Germany's overall unemployment rate was higher, at about 6.3 percent in 2025. But in recent years unemployment has grown faster among university graduates.
Before the Covid pandemic, unemployment among graduates stood at 2.1 percent – meaning that it's jumped by 57 percent in just a few years. The last time unemployment rate for graduates in Germany was above three percent was in 2007.
READ ALSO: Why launching a career is getting harder in Germany
This comes while the number of students is rising and the number of trainees is declining.
In 2014, there were 2.7 million students and 1.43 million trainees, according to a report by Tagesschau. Ten years later, there were 2.9 million students and only 1.21 million trainees.
The context
"In recent years we have seen that even academics are no longer immune to the [jobs] crisis," labour market researcher Enzo Weber told ARD.
People with degrees are still more likely to be employed than those without one, but it no longer comes with the kind-of employment guarantee that it used to.
Contributing to this is the fact that the number of students in Germany has been growing for decades, and also that AI is increasingly being used in workplaces – especially for tasks that would have previously been done by entry-level workers.
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At the same time, many of the jobs that are lacking workers are those that in Germany require a vocational traineeship e.g. electrician, professional driver or nurse.
Shortages of workers in these so-called bottleneck occupations are projected to intensify in the coming years as the baby boomer generation retires.
According to the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), roughly 25 percent of employees across all of these professions are 55 years or older. For bus and tram drivers, this figure is 44 percent, and the situation is similar in other skilled trades and care professions.
This is bad news for Germany at large, but represents an opportunity for young people considering their career choices. Put simply, completing a traineeship in any of Germany's bottleneck occupations would likely lead to plentiful job offers.
Who makes more?
Currently, university graduates tend to earn more in terms of average monthly salaries. According to Destatis, the average gross monthly salary for a master's graduate is €7,019. A master craftsman, on the other hand, earns an average gross monthly salary of €5,405.
But today's salaries are not necessarily an indicator of tomorrow's pay rates. Especially considering that workers in shortage occupations might have more leverage in salary negotiations going forward.
Another factor to consider is that vocational trainees tend to start earning a wage well before their counterparts in university programmes.
In many roles trainees begin earning a salary even during their apprenticeship, whereas a student aiming for a degree in the same field would need three years for a bachelor's degree and then a master's programme before entering the workforce. Starting to earn income from a younger age can give apprentices a significant financial boost.
Ultimately, of course, income depends mainly on which field or role a student pursues. And here, the old rules still generally apply: work in the humanities tends to pay less compared to doctors, lawyers or engineers.
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The dual study option
A third option for young professionals in Germany is a dual study programme, which typically combines practical experience at a company alongside theoretical study at a university.
These programmes allow students to earn both a vocational qualification and a bachelor's degree simultaneously, and sometimes allow students to earn stipends of around €1,000 to €1,600 per month.
READ ALSO: 'Germany is 40 years behind' - Foreigners share their struggle getting qualifications recognised
In some cases the company itself covers tuition fees and may offer a permanent job directly after graduation. For these reasons dual study is becoming increasingly popular, and the number of programmes has rapidly increased in recent years.
As for which option is the better choice; it really depends on which career a young professional wants to pursue.
Experts like Weber suggest that success usually requires having both specialist knowledge and practical experience, and increasingly it helps to know how to use AI and digital tools as well. Whether it makes more sense to gain those skills and experience at a university or in a training programme depends on the person and their job of choice.
CRYPTO
Pypi.org
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
candlefeed 0.3.3
candlefeed The official Python client for CandleFeed — crypto market data that lands straight in a pandas DataFrame. OHLCV, funding rates, open interest, liquidations, long/short ratio, taker volume, basis, and Deribit options — across …
candlefeed
The official Python client for CandleFeed — crypto market data that lands straight in a pandas DataFrame.
OHLCV, funding rates, open interest, liquidations, long/short ratio, taker volume, basis, and Deribit options — across Binance (perp + spot), Bybit, OKX, dYdX, Hyperliquid, Huobi and Deribit. Auth, cursor pagination, and rate limits are handled for you. One call, one DataFrame.
REST only — there is no WebSocket feed and no announced date for one.
pip install candlefeed
Time to first DataFrame
You'll need an API key: get a free one. Free plan, no card, takes about a minute.
from candlefeed import CandleFeed cf = CandleFeed ( api_key = "cf_live_..." ) # or set CANDLEFEED_API_KEY df = cf . get_ohlcv ( "BTCUSDT" , interval = "1h" , limit = 5 ) print ( df )
open high low close volume quote_volume time 2026-06-06 18:00:00+00:00 69841.0 70120.5 69770.0 70011.2 1183.42 8.27e+07 2026-06-06 19:00:00+00:00 70011.2 70250.0 69905.1 70180.9 964.18 6.77e+07 ...
The frame is indexed by a tz-aware DatetimeIndex and every numeric column is a float — ready for .resample() , .rolling() , or a backtest loop.
Authentication
Pass your key directly or via the environment:
cf = CandleFeed ( api_key = "cf_live_..." ) # or export CANDLEFEED_API_KEY = cf_live_ ... cf = CandleFeed ()
Get a free key at candlefeed.ai/signup.
Tier Requests/day Max rows/request Symbols Datasets History Exchanges Free 100 1,000 BTC, ETH, SOL, XRP, DOGE OHLCV + funding last 30 days Binance Builder 1,000 10,000 all Binance REST datasets; L2 sample days only full Binance Advanced (id pro ) 10,000 50,000 all + Deribit options; L2 sample days only full all venues Pro (id pro_depth ) 10,000 50,000 all Advanced + full published L2 archive full all venues
Builder ($29/month) includes Binance REST datasets; Advanced ($99/month) adds other venues and Deribit options. Both include L2 sample days only: the 1st of each month, subject to the 10 GiB monthly allowance. Pro ($149/month) adds the full published L2 archive. Pro includes the full published L2 archive: book from 2026-06-04 and trades from 2026-06-06 for the original 10 symbols; the other 15 symbols start on 2026-09-26. First days are partial.
Everything beyond Binance — Bybit, OKX, dYdX, Hyperliquid, Huobi, Deribit — needs Advanced or higher.
Endpoints
Method Data Key params get_ohlcv / get_candles OHLCV candles symbol, exchange, interval, start, end, limit get_funding_rates Per-exchange funding symbol, exchange, ... get_funding_rates_aggregated OI-weighted funding across venues symbol, interval, exchanges get_open_interest Open interest symbol, exchange, interval get_liquidations Liquidation events (tick or bucketed) symbol, exchange, side, interval get_liquidations_aggregated Pre-aggregated liquidation history symbol, exchange, interval get_long_short_ratio Long/short account ratio symbol, exchange, interval, ratio_type get_taker_volume Taker buy/sell volume symbol, exchange, ... get_basis Futures basis / premium symbol, exchange, interval get_combined Time-aligned multi-dataset frame symbol, interval, fields get_options Deribit options chain + greeks currency, instrument_name, expiry symbols / exchanges / datasets / status Metadata —
Intervals — OHLCV: 1m 5m 15m 1h 4h 1d · aggregated funding: 1h 4h 1d · open interest: 5m 15m 1h 4h 1d · bucketed liquidations: 1m 5m 15m 1h 4h 1d · aggregated liquidations: 1h 4h 6h 8h 12h 1d · long/short ratio: 5m 15m 1h 4h 1d · basis: 5m 1h 4h . The same lists are importable as candlefeed.OHLCV_INTERVALS , candlefeed.BASIS_INTERVALS , and friends.
How far back the data goes
The honest version, because a backtest will find out anyway. Full matrix at candlefeed.ai/coverage.
Dataset Depth OHLCV Binance spot 2017 · Binance perp 2019 · OKX/Bybit 2020 · Hyperliquid 1d 2023 / 4h 2024 / 1h 2025 / 1m–15m 2026 · dYdX 2025 Funding rates Binance 2020 · Hyperliquid hourly from each contract's HL listing (BTC/ETH/SOL 2023-05-12) · OKX Dec 2025 · Bybit Jan 2026 · dYdX Mar 2026 Open interest Binance Sep 2020 · other venues Mar 2026 Liquidations — aggregated 1d runs from each contract's listing: Binance 2019-09, Bybit 2020-01, OKX/Huobi 2022-04, Hyperliquid 2026-05. Sub-daily buckets are forward-built (2023→2026 by venue) — use interval="1d" for multi-year work Liquidations — tick Forward-collected from late May 2026: OKX 05-27, Binance/Bybit/Hyperliquid 05-28, Huobi 06-02. No pre-2026 tick history anywhere Long/short ratio, taker volume Binance only — ratio 2020, taker volume from listing (BTC 2019-09) Basis (spot–perp) Binance only, all 52 symbols — 5m from 2026-04-27, 1h from 2025-12-10, 4h from 2025-05-31 Deribit options Rolling ~60-day API window (older snapshots archived); greeks native from Jun 2026, Black-76 before that
Symbol universe: 52 on Binance, 50 Bybit, 45 OKX, 19 Hyperliquid, ~5 dYdX.
Where an endpoint knows its own depth it tells you — meta.history_from and meta.source come back on cf.last_meta and on each frame as df.attrs["meta"] .
Ask for a window and the client transparently follows the API's next_cursor until the range is complete, concatenating into one DataFrame:
df = cf . get_funding_rates ( "BTCUSDT" , exchange = "binance" , start = "2026-01-01" , end = "2026-03-01" , ) # many pages → a single tidy frame
Cap the result with max_rows=... , control page size with limit=... , or disable auto-paging entirely with paginate=False to fetch a single page and inspect the cursor yourself.
agg = cf . get_funding_rates_aggregated ( "BTCUSDT" , interval = "1h" , exchanges = [ "binance" , "bybit" , "okx" ], ) agg [[ "weighted_funding_rate" , "total_oi_usd" , "exchange_count" ]] . tail ()
panel = cf . get_combined ( "BTCUSDT" , interval = "1h" , fields = [ "ohlcv" , "funding_rate" , "open_interest" ], ) # OHLCV base timeline with funding + OI forward-filled onto each candle
Order book (L2) and tick trades: daily files
Binance USD-M order book diffs with REST snapshots ( "book" ) and raw tick trades ( "trades" ) come as daily Parquet files, not DataFrames. download_l2 fetches them, checks each file's size and SHA-256, and skips anything already on disk with a matching hash, so a rerun picks up where it stopped. Downloads need CPython on Linux or macOS: files are written with directory-relative, no-follow operations so nothing can be redirected outside dest_dir , and on platforms without them (Windows) download_l2 refuses to run rather than fall back to weaker path checks.
cf = CandleFeed ( api_key = "cf_live_..." ) out = cf . download_l2 ( "book" , "BTCUSDT" , "2026-09-01" , "2026-09-30" , "data/" ) # data/book/binance/BTCUSDT/2026-09-01/depth/00.parquet ... depth/23.parquet, snapshot.parquet, manifest.json print ( len ( out [ "downloaded" ]), "files," , out [ "bytes" ] / 1e9 , "GB" ) print ( out [ "missing" ]) # days not available, each with a reason
cf.l2_files(dataset, symbol, start, end) returns the listing itself: per day the files (name, size, sha256, a download link valid for 15 minutes) and a QC summary from that day's manifest. Pro and Enterprise get every day. Other plans get the 1st of each month, up to 10 GiB of new files per account per month; downloading the same file again that month doesn't count twice. When an allowance runs out the client raises QuotaExceededError straight away instead of retrying.
cf.l2_coverage() and cf.l2_gaps() return the public coverage table and gap log (no plan needed).
A few sample days can be downloaded without an account (version 0.3.2 or later), with the same checks:
from candlefeed import CandleFeed public = CandleFeed ( public = True ) # never sends a key print ( public . l2_sample ()[ "samples" ]) # the days on offer public . download_l2_sample ( "BTCUSDT" , "2026-10-01" , "data/" )
Rebuilding the book
candlefeed.l2book turns a downloaded book day into an order book you can query. It needs pyarrow:
pip install "candlefeed[l2]"
from candlefeed.l2book import L2Book book = L2Book . load ( "data/" , "BTCUSDT" , "2026-09-01" ) # one day, or pass an end date for a range view = book . book_at ( "2026-09-01T13:05:00Z" , levels = 10 ) # top 10 a side after every event up to then print ( view . best_bid , view . best_ask , view . spread_bps ) print ( view . bids . head ()) # price, qty, best first spreads = book . spread_series ( "1s" ) # bid, ask, mid, spread, spread_bps depth = book . depth_at ( "2026-09-01T13:05:00Z" , bps = [ 10 , 50 ]) # base and quote size within 10 and 50 bps of mid for v in book . iterate ( "2026-09-01T13:00Z" , "2026-09-01T14:00Z" , every = "1min" ): ...
It applies the published rule: anchor on a snapshot that isn't in_gap , apply the first event with u >= lastUpdateId whole even when the snapshot's id falls inside it (the straddle case: 848 of the 861 BTCUSDT snapshots on 25 September 2026), and drop the book at every break in the update chain until a snapshot anchors it again. Moments with no trustworthy book raise BookUnavailable in book_at and come back as NaN in spread_series . book.segments() lists the unbroken stretches of the day and when each was anchored. Each query anchors on the latest snapshot at or before it, so results don't depend on where you start reading. A 10-million-row synthetic day loads in under a second and gives a one-second spread series for the full day in about 4 seconds on an M-series Mac; a BTC day has about 100 million rows. Real-day runtime and peak memory have not been validated; synthetic timings are not production benchmarks.
Depth outside the anchor snapshot's known price window is partial. Report completeness per band and exclude incomplete samples from full-depth statistics. depth_at and spread_series(depth_bps=...) carry a *_complete flag per band, and book_at returns only levels inside the window ( bids_complete / asks_complete say when that's fewer than asked for; an empty side has no best price). Days are checked against their manifest before use, so an incomplete or mixed download raises IncompleteDay , and a moment after the last loaded event raises BookUnavailable . row_cache_bytes (default 2 GiB) limits the decoded diff rows kept between queries, and an hour file that wouldn't fit in it is refused. It isn't a bound on the rebuild's total memory: the event index (about 80 bytes per diff event, roughly 70 MB for a BTCUSDT day), the decoded snapshots, Arrow's read buffers and any series you build come on top. Hard per-file caps are checked from each footer before decoding: snapshot files at 2 million rows and 512 MiB decoded, hour files at 2 GiB decoded, footers at 64 MB, with column types validated and strings read as dictionaries. The manifest has to be the one for that exchange, symbol, date and generation, every file has to sit under its full published key, and each file's rows have to carry the requested symbol. The SHA-256 checks prove the files are consistent with what CandleFeed published for that day. They aren't a signature: hashes delivered by the same service as the files can't detect that service itself being compromised or malicious.
Error handling
Every API error maps to a typed exception carrying the API code and message :
from candlefeed import ( CandleFeed , AuthenticationError , TierRestrictedError , InvalidParameterError , RateLimitError , ) cf = CandleFeed ( api_key = "cf_live_..." ) try : df = cf . get_options ( currency = "BTC" ) except TierRestrictedError as e : print ( e . message ) # "...requires the Advanced plan or higher... Upgrade at https://candlefeed.ai/pricing" except RateLimitError as e : print ( "retry after" , e . retry_after , "seconds" ) except ( AuthenticationError , InvalidParameterError ) as e : print ( e . code , e . message )
Exception HTTP When AuthenticationError 401 missing / invalid / revoked key TierRestrictedError 403 symbol, dataset, exchange, or history window above your plan InvalidParameterError 400 / 422 bad symbol, interval, or timestamp RateLimitError 429 raised only after the client's bounded backoff retries are exhausted QuotaExceededError 429 L2 monthly sample allowance or daily download limit reached; not retried CandleFeedError — base class; network / unexpected errors
On HTTP 429 the client honors Retry-After / X-RateLimit-Reset and retries with exponential backoff before giving up. Remaining-quota headers are exposed on cf.last_rate_limit .
Requirements
Python ≥ 3.9, requests , and pandas . That's the whole dependency surface.
Free API key — candlefeed.ai/signup
Site — candlefeed.ai
Pricing — candlefeed.ai/#pricing
The software is MIT-licensed. CandleFeed data, including samples, is licensed for internal use under Terms §5.3. Published charts, statistics, and research must not include Raw Data or Substantially Raw Derivatives.
CRYPTO
Crypto Briefing
07 Oct 2026 · 10:45
Grayscale adds BitGo as custodian for its Hyperliquid staking ETF in new 8-K filing
The October 5 filing brings BitGo Bank & Trust on board as an additional custodian for the HYPE tokens held by Grayscale's HYPG fund. Grayscale has filed a Form 8-K with the SEC covering …
The October 5 filing brings BitGo Bank & Trust on board as an additional custodian for the HYPE tokens held by Grayscale's HYPG fund.
Grayscale has filed a Form 8-K with the SEC covering its Hyperliquid Staking ETF, which trades under the ticker HYPG. The filing, dated October 5, 2026, reports that BitGo Bank & Trust has been added as an additional custodian for the fund’s HYPE holdings, effective September 30, 2026.
What the filing changes
An 8-K is the SEC form companies use to flag material events between their regular quarterly and annual reports. Grayscale’s filing reports an amendment that lets BitGo hold part of the trust’s HYPE alongside the fund’s existing custody setup.
As of October 5, 2026, HYPG held approximately $217.8 million in assets under management, with 6.54 million shares outstanding.
HYPG charges a management fee of 0.29%. That was the lowest among US HYPE exchange-traded products when the fund launched.
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Approximately 88.66% of the fund’s assets are staked, generating average gross staking rewards of 2.26%. Once fees come out, the yield investors actually pocket typically lands below that figure.
A short but busy history
HYPG has not existed for long, yet it has already changed names once. The fund started life as the Grayscale HYPE ETF before being renamed on May 26, 2026, a move intended to tie it more closely to Hyperliquid’s core branding.
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The SEC declared the fund effective on June 2, 2026. Trading on Nasdaq began the following day, June 3.
Structurally, HYPG is a grantor trust. Investors hold an interest in the underlying assets the trust owns, rather than shares in an operating company that happens to own tokens.
The asset at the center of all this is HYPE, the native token of the Hyperliquid network. HYPE has a maximum supply of 1 billion tokens. The token entered the world through a community airdrop in November 2024.
The competitive field
Grayscale is not alone in this lane. 21Shares and Bitwise both launched their own HYPE products in mid-May 2026, trading as THYP and BHYP, respectively. Both rivals charge 0.30%. Grayscale undercut them by a single basis point.
What this means for investors and issuers
Spreading a fund’s holdings across more than one custodian can reduce reliance on any single provider, which matters for a product whose entire value sits in one token. Staked tokens are actively used to support a network, so the custodian handling them needs to manage both safekeeping and participation in network operations.
HYPG’s staking ratio of roughly 88.66% means nearly nine out of every ten tokens the fund holds are earning rewards. A lower staking ratio would mean more idle tokens, while a higher one could limit how much liquidity the fund keeps on hand for redemptions.
HYPE’s price can swing sharply, and a gross reward rate of 2.26% offers little cushion against a meaningful drop in the token’s value. Net returns also depend on network reward rates and how the Hyperliquid ecosystem evolves. Staking rewards are historical figures, not guarantees.